- Marynarska 13 02-674 Warsaw, Poland
- +48 501 620 692
- warsaw@consulton.pl
GDP: Nominal GDP estimated at approx. USD 1 trillion in 2025; PPP-adjusted GDP over USD 2 trillion. GDP per capita: USD 26,810 (nominal), USD 55,190 (PPP).
Growth: +2.9% in 2024; projected +3.2–3.4% for 2025, driven by domestic consumption and EU-funded investment.
Inflation: 3.7% in 2024; expected to rise to 4–5% in 2025 before easing.
Unemployment: Exceptionally low at 2.8% in 2024; forecast stable at 2.8–3.3% in 2025–26.
Fiscal Balance: Government deficit around 5.8% of GDP; gradual consolidation planned toward 2027.
By sector: Services (~59%), Industry (~29%), Agriculture (~3%).
Key industries: Automotive, machinery, chemical production, electronics, home appliances, IT, pharmaceuticals, and gaming.
Agriculture: Strong producer of poultry, apples, potatoes, and rye. Poland is the EU’s #1 poultry exporter.
Exports (2023): USD 469 billion; Imports: USD 420 billion.
Top export products: Automotive parts, electronics, furniture, batteries, plastics, machinery.
Trade partners: Germany (30% of exports), Czech Republic, France, Italy, Netherlands, UK, and USA.
FDI environment: 19% CIT rate, 14 Special Economic Zones (SEZs), tax exemptions up to 15 years, EU-backed infrastructure and R&D grants.
EU Funds: Poland secured over EUR 117 billion from EU Recovery and Cohesion Funds (2021–2027). Over 45% of RRF already contracted.
Infrastructure plans: Major investments in rail (PLN 180bn), energy, and aviation (Central Airport Project). Supported by foreign tech partners.
Warsaw Stock Exchange: WIG index up 28% YTD (2025); driven by foreign inflows, dividend yields, and undervaluation.
Investment potential: Attractive entry multiples (15% below MSCI EM average), with strong liquidity and growing institutional participation.
Population: ~37.6 million (2024), declining by ~0.34% p.a.; median age ~43 years.
Urbanization: 59% urban; major cities: Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, Gdansk.
Workforce: ~18.4 million; employment rate 77.9%. Foreign workers make up ~6.8% of the labor force.
Total installed capacity: 61 GW; renewables comprise 28.8% of energy mix.
Solar: 21.8 GW – 64% of renewable generation.
Targets: 75% non-emission energy by 2040; nuclear development planned.
Opportunities:
Strategic CEE location with EU access and robust infrastructure.
Export-oriented industrial base and growing IT & digital services sector.
Strong EU fund absorption and public investment pipeline.
Investor-friendly tax regime and industrial land availability.
Risks:
Political tensions between executive branches may slow reforms.
Budget deficit pressures and public debt stabilization efforts.
Demographic decline and skilled labor shortages.
External risks (EU trade barriers, supply chain disruptions, regional instability).
Conclusion: for Investors Poland represents a stable, growth-oriented economy with EU-aligned regulation and investor protection. The country’s mix of competitive labor, advanced industrial base, and strategic EU position make it ideal for:
Recommendation: Leverage Poland’s SEZs, EU grants, and strategic location to establish operations, source skilled labor, or acquire local champions for regional expansion.